ASCP (American Society for Clinical Pathology) Phlebotomy Technician Certification Practice Exam

The specialized cells of the nervous system are known as neurons. Neurons are the fundamental units that transmit nerve impulses throughout the body, allowing for communication between the brain and other parts of the body. They are uniquely structured with dendrites that receive signals, a cell body that processes those signals, and an axon that sends signals to other neurons or tissues. This role is critical for various functions, including reflexes, sensory perception, and motor coordination.

While glial cells are essential support cells that maintain homeostasis, provide support and protection for neurons, and facilitate nutrient transfer, they do not transmit impulses themselves. Muscle cells and epithelial cells serve entirely different roles within the body—muscle cells are responsible for movement, while epithelial cells are involved in covering and protecting surfaces and organs. Understanding the specific functions and classifications of these cell types is crucial in the study of nervous system biology.